Windmill



(No Model.) 4 Smeets-sheet` 1.

G. D. HAWLEY. WINDMILL. No. 436,661. Patented Sept. 16, 1896.

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WINDMILL.

No.- 436,661. Patented Sept. 16, 1.890.

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G. D. HAWLEY. WIIIDMILL.

M 436,6@1- Patented Sept. J6, 1890 M fw m m w mw, ,m T@ /Q A 7 y W @x@ v\\ 3 1, v d 2 @r l g UNITED STATES PATENT y OFFICE.

GEORGE D. HANVLEXQOF URBANA, IOVA.

WINDLMILL.

SPECIFICATION forming pari-,of Letters Patent No. 436,661, dated September 16, 1890.

Y Application filed March 29, 1890.` Serial No. 345,881. (No model.)

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE D. HAWLEY, of Urbana, in the county of Benton and State of Iowa, have invented anew and Improved Vindmill, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to an improvementin windmills, and has for its object to render the same more simple, durable, and effective than heretofore; and the invention consists in the novel construction and combination of the several parts, as will be hereinafter more fully set forth, and pointed out in the claims.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which similar figures and letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the views Y Figurel is a side elevation of the mill, the wheel vbeing in section, which section is taken on line l 1 of Fig. 6. Fig. 2 is a vertical section through a portion ot' the tower, the lower end of the main casting and piston, and a transverse section through the lower table of the main casting, illustrating the swivel-connection between the mill-piston and the plunger of the pump. Fig. 3 is a section on line 3 3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a side elevation, partially in section, the section being taken on lines 4 4 of Figs. 1 and 6. Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the swivel-connection between the mill-piston andthe pump-plunger. Fig. G is a plan view, partly in section, the section being taken on line 6 6 of Fig. 1. Fig. 7is a section through one of the wheel-spokes and a girth, illustrating the attachment of the two. Fig. 8 is an enlarged plan 'View of the main casting and a few of the parts carried thereby; and Fig. 9 is a perspective View of the main casting or turn-table detached from the tower, the lower end being broken away.

The tower A may rest upon any suitable base B, and the said tower consists of two parallel spaced upright masts l0, connected at the top by a cap D. The cap consists of a fiat body-plate having a central opening therein surrounded at the upper side by a collar 11 and downwardly-extending box-like arms l2. These arms comprise three integral members, as will be observed by reference to Figs. 1A and 4. One member of each arm contacts with the inner face of a mast and the other members with the side faces, and the `cap isy attached to the masts by boltsA 13,passed through the members of the arms. `By this construction it will be observed that the turntable is not only securely attached to the masts of the tower, but the heads of said masts are prevented from warping orsplitting. Below the cap a cross-piece or bearing-plate 14C` is securely held horizontally between the masts, as best shown in Fig. 3, which is also provided with a central opening registering with the opening in the cap.

The turn-table E of the windmill is illus trated in detail in Fig. 9, and consists of what may be termed a horizontal disk-like body 15, from opposite sides of the upper surface of which arms 16 and 17 are projected upward and slightly outward. The upper faces of the arms, which are horizontal, are shaped to constitute the lower sections ct of journalf boxes 18 and 19, the upper sections a of said boxes being bolted to their lower sections in any suitable or approved manner. Upon the box 1S the casing of a friction-pulley 2O is secured, and upon the box 19, at its ends, ears 2l are produced.

From the bottom of the disk-body of the turn-table, at its center, a cylindrical, tubular, and preferably tapering stem 22 is projected perpendicularly downward, and the disk at its center is provided with an opening'23, communicating directly with the in-` terior of the sh ank. The shank 22 is adapted to pass downward through and be j ournaled in the openings in the turn cross-piece 14 and the lower fixed table, and upon the under side of the disk or body section a collar 24C is formed, which is adapted to bear upon the collar 1l of the cap. i

From the upper face of the disk-body 15,

at one side of the opening 23,a guide-:standard 25 is upwardly projected, whichfstandard is practically L-shaped in cross-section land is located nearer the arm 16 than the arm 17. From the inner side walls of the standard 25 ltwo parallel lugs 26 areprojected practicallyv in the direction of the arm 17, and the two lugs at or near their centers are connected by a perpendicular Wall 27. The lugs and wall are integral with the standard, and the said lugs and wall form an upper guide-channel b. At the junction of the base of the arm 16 ICO with the disk-body 15 a transverse bore 28 is formed in the latter, through which the shaft 29 of the regulator or governor vane 30 is passed, and where the bore is uncovered, which happens at one side of the disk, as shown in Fig. 9, a box-section may be employed to cover it.

The wind-wheelF is mounted upon one end of a shaft 31, which shaft is held to turn in the bearings 18 and 19 of the turn-table E, the extremities of the shaft being projected beyond both boxes and farthest beyond the box 18. Upon that extremity of the shaft passed through the box 19 a crank-disk 32 is secured, provided with a series of apertures 33, arranged at dierent distances from the center to receive a detachable wrist-pin 34, whereby the lower end of the pitman 35 may be so attached to the disk as to provide for the proper stroke of the plunger 36 of the mill, which plunger is connected with the pitman and piston of the pump in the manner hereinafter described. The pitman, as may be seen by reference to Fig. 1, is slightly curved in order that the upper end may reach over the top of the guide-standard 25 of the main casting.

Around each aperture 33 in the crank-disk, upon the inner face, an integral collar 38 is formed, whereby the disk is re-enforced, and the pressure exerted upon the pitman has no bad effect upon the disk or the wrist-pin, as a long bearing is provided for the latter, as best illustrated in Fig. 8.

The plunger 36 has two formations in cross- Section. The lower portion d, which is adapted to pass through the opening 23 in the main casting and slide in the stem thereof, is tubular, and the upper portion dhor that adapted to slide in the guide-standard 25 and extend above it, is solid and se1nicircular, and thefiiat face of said section is opposed to one straight surface of the standard, as is also best shown ,in Fig. 8. The upper section d of the plunger has a bearing only in the top of the. standard 25, at the rear of the wall 27 thereof. Thus to provide for lost motion the opening d2 in the upper inclosed portion of the standard at the rear of the said wall 27 is made circular, as shown in Fig. 6.

The upper end ofthe pitman 35 is connected with the top of the plunger 36 above the standard by a suitable bolt and nuts. The said plunger is guided in its vertical movement by a strap 39,attached at its upper end between the connection of the plunger to the pitlnan and at its lower end to the outer face of the plunger, preferably about centrally between the ends of its solid semicircular section d', and as the strap moves up or down the strap travels lin the channel b of the standard substantially in contact with the perpendicular wall 27. (See Fig. 1.) The lower end of the plunger is lattached to the upper' end of the pump-piston by a swivel-connection G. (Illustrated in detail in Figs. 2 and 5 and in position in Fig. 1.) `This swivel is ordinarily made, preferably, of two metal sections 40 and 4l. The section 40 is practically straight, and the lower edge is narrower than the upper. About the center of the section an opening 42 is produced, and in the inner face of the section at the top a vertical recess is formed, creating thereby a journal-bearing 43, which in exterior contour represents a rib extending from theupper wall of the opening 42 to the upper edge of the section, as illustrated in Fig. 5. The section 4l resembles the section 40 in every particular, except that the lower portion thereof at the base of the opening 42 is bent at a right angle outward to form a shoulder 44, as best shown in Fig. 1, and is then carried downward parallel with the upper portion.

The lower end of the plunger-rod, extending below the stern of the main casting, is provided with two spaced collars 45, and upon the peripheral surface of the pitman between the said collars the bearings 43 of the swivel-sections are made to engage, and the two sections at each side of the bearings are connected by suitable bolts 46 or other equivalent fastening devices. The lower end of the section 40, at its center, is attached to one side face of the pitman-piston, as is also best shown in Fig. 5, the top of the piston being preferably flush with the base-wall of the opening 42, and the opposite swivel-section 4l, as illustrated in Fig. l, at its lower end is attached to the opposite side face of the pump-piston, the shoulder 44 being made to' rest upon the top surface of the piston. Thus it will be observed that a direct communication is established between the wheel-shaft, which is the drive-shaft, and the pulnp-piston through the medium of the plunger and pitman, and it will be further observed, as heretofore stated, that the length of the stroke of the pump-piston may be regulated at will by changing the wrist-pin of the pitman'to anyone of the apertures in the crank-disk.

The body of the tail-vane H may be constructed in any approved manner. The top and bottom rails 47 are, however, carried beyond the inner edge of the body, as shown best in Fig. 1, and to the extended portions of said rails, upon the side facing the windwheel, metal arms 48 are rigidly secured, which are curved at their junction with the rails, as shown in Fig. 6, and in the inner eX- tremity of each arm an eye is formed, the vane being pivot-ally attached to the standard 25 by passing a pin 49 through horizontal lugs 50, formed upon said standard and the eyes of the vane-arms, as is best shown in Figs. 4 and 6.

The vane H at its inner end is provided upon the side facing the wind-wheel with a vbrake-shoe 5l, which is supported some disthe upper rail, both of the rods being givenA an outward bow and downward inclination, and the third stay-rod 54 is attached to the pivot-pin 49 of the vane Aabove the lower standard-lug 50, as shown in Figs. 4 and 6.

The vaneis carried into the wind to stop the'wheel, as shown inidotted lines in the drawings, by a chain 55,'secured at one end to the stay-rods of the brake-shoe near the latter or to the shoe itself, as is illustrated in Fig. 6, which chain is passed in contact with the pulley 2O upward over a second pulley 56, journaled in the upper portion of the standard 25, as is illustrated in Figs. l and (i, and down through the upper opening d2 of the standard between the contiguous walls of the latter and the plunger into the tubular section of the said plunger, and out through the lower end of the said section,and also through one of the openings in the swivel G, as shown best in Fig. 2. The `chain,below the swivel, is in two sections, united, preferably, by a spiral spring 57. This spring is introduced to relieve undue tension upon the vane when struck by a sudden gust of wind, for instance.

In order to carry the vane quickly from a position at a right angle to the wheel-shaft to a position parallel therewith, when the chain 55 is slackened, a weighted arm K is connected to the said vane and pivoted upon the main casting. The inner end of the arm K is bifurcated, as best shown inFig. 8, and pivoted between the ears 2l of the wheelshaft journal-box 19 by a bolt or pin 58, and around said bolt or pin a spring 59 is coiled, one extremity whereof is adapted to bear upon the said box'when the arm is lifted up and assist in the downward movement of lthe arm, and the other end of the spring is secured in the bifurcated section of the said arm.4 At the outer end of the arm K a weight 60, of any suitable size, is held to slide, pro-,

vided with a set-screw, and the weight is prevented from slipping off the arm should it become loose by a tail-stop 6l, which may also serve as an ornament. About midway of the length of the arm upon its upper edge a bracket 62 is located, which bracket is connected by a rod or link 63 with the bracket 64, attached to the vane near its inner end upon the side opposite to that to which the brake is secured. Thus, when the vane is carried at a right angle to the wheel-shaft, as shown inV dotted lines, the weighted arm K is elevated and the spring 59 at its inner end is compressed against the box 19 of the wheelshaft. It is therefore evident that when the chain controlling the vane is slackened the combined action of the weight and spring 59, attached to the arm, will tend to greatly accelerate the movement of the vane to its normal position.

The skeleton of the wind-wheel F is constructed as follows: The.wheel consists of a hub 65, adapted to be secured in any suitable or approved manner upon the shaft 3l some little distance from the end of the latter, as

'shown in Fig. 6.

preferably U-shaped in cross-section.

From the hub a series of arms 66 is made to radiate, which arms are sections, and each section of a girth is pref,

erably made of a sufficient length to span the distance between two opposed spokes and eX- tend partially over the said spokes, and the said sections of the girth are to that end recessed where they contact with the spokes, and at the union of each of the sections, which occurs immediately over the spokes, the overlapping portions of the sections are embraced by a U-clamp 69, and the said clamps are made to firmly bind the girth to the spokes by passing a bolt 70 through the clamps between the contacting portions of the girthsections and transversely through the spokes, the said bolts being provided with a suitable` nut 7l, as best illustrated in the detail section, Fig. 7. In order to more thoroughly brace the wheel, a disk 72, which is preferably dished, is attached to the outer end of the shaft 3l in front of the hub, and a series of brace rods or straps 73 is attached at one end to the spokes and at the other end to the disk, as best shown in Figs. l and 6. At the rear of the hub of the wind-wheel a frictionrim 74 is secured or an annular flange is formed, which constitutes the brake-surface of the wind-wheel, and when the vane is carried around fully at a right angle to the shaft of the wind-wheel in the manner heretofore described, the shoe 5l, carried by the vane, will engage with the sleeve or flange 74 and by frictional contact effectually prevent the revolution of the wheel.

I desire it to be distinctly understood that while details of construction have been The 4Ico

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shown and described, equivalent construction may be substituted without departing from the spirit of the invention, and that in the drawings the positive lines indicate the working position of the vane, and the dotted lines its position when carried out of the wind to stop the movement of the wheel.

Among the many advantages obtained the following may be mentioned:

The position and length of the wheel-shaft,

which is adapted to stop the motion of the wheel when thrown out of gear. In other mills when the wheel is thrown out of gear it will often keep in motion, especially if placed near a building where it is affected by back currents; but when the brake described is employed, the moment the wheel is thrown out of gear the brake contacts with the friction-rim and instantly stops the revolution of the wheel, and the wheel remains quiet until again thrown into gear.

The construction of the crank-disk or pitman-wheel is also of great advantage, as the plunger may be made to make any one of six different lengths of strokes, thus adapting the mill for use with any pump. Ordinarily, a mill-plunger is capable of two changes of Stroke only.

In the majority of windmills, during a storm or a high wind, the mill is blown out of gear and stopped-that is, in a wind, for instance, of twenty miles an hour. This difficulty is overcome by the use of the weighted arm K, as when the Vane is blown in the direction of the wheel the said wheel is almost out of gear, and the spring carried by the arm is brought into action and offers a resistance which overcomes the power of the wind, and the mill will continue running; but if a gale should blow that would injure the mill when running the resistance of the spring will be overcome thereby and the wheel thrown completely out of gear, and consequently stopped.

It will be observed that by reason of the peculiar construction of the swivel G adirect downward pull upon the plunger is obtained, thus avoiding unnecessary friction.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. In a windmill, a turn-table E, consisting in the vertically-apertured disk 0r table 15, central depending tubular stem 22, the vertical guide-standard 25, formed with parallel lugs 26 at its upper end, having a connecting vertical wall 27, forming the guide-channel b, the upwardly-projecting arms 16 17, having horizontal aligned half-bearings a a, the horizontal bore 28 at the lower end of arm 16, and the parallel vertically-apertured lugs 50, the upper removable half-boxes a a', the one forming part of bearing 18 having a pulley 2O mounted on it, and the other one provided with vertical lugs 21 21, apertured parallel with the bores of the bearings 18 19, and a pulley 56 in the upper end of standard 25 in rear of the wall 27, substantially as set forth.

2. A windmill consisting in a centrally-apertured turn-table E, provided on its upper side with opposite arms having horizontallyaligned bearings 18 19 on their upper ends, the main wind-wheel shaft journaled therein and having a crank over the central aperture 23, the vertical stan dard between said arms and to one side of the said shaft, the parallel inwardly-extending lugs 26 at the upper end of the standard, provided with a vertical connecting-wall 27, a pulley 56 in rear of said wall, the pump-rod 36, tubular at its lower portion d, and having a solid upper portion d reciprocating in the standard 25, and having a bearing at its upper end on the rear face of the wall 27, a strap 39, secured at its ends to the part d above and below wall 27 and sliding in the channel b in front thereof, the vertically-apertured lugs 50 on the turn-table, the horizontally-swinging vane pivoted thereto at its inner end, the horizontally-apertured lugs 21 at the opposite side of the turn-table from lugs 50, the vertically-swinging down:

wardly-inclined weighted arm K, pivoted to said lugs 21, connections 63 64 between said vane and arm, a brake-arm projected from the vane adjacent to lugs 50, and a chain 55,-connected to the outer end of said arm, extended inwardly under pulley 2O on bearing 18, upward to and over pulley 56, and down through the standard 25 and pump-rod, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination, with the turn-table E, having the bearings 18 19 at opposite sides of its central opening, the wind-wheel shaft journaled therein, the pulley 20 on bearing 18, the vertical lugs 2l on the bearing 19, the horizontal vertically-apertured lugs 50 at the opposite side of the turn-table, and the vertical standard 25, having a pulley 56 on its upper end, of the vertically-reciprocating pumprod operated from the wind-wheel shaft, the vane 47, pivoted between lugs 50 and having a brake-arm and an arm 64 projecting from its opposite sides, the downwardly-inclined weighted arm pivoted to lugs 2l, a spring 59 at one end on the bearing 19 and at its opposite end engaging the said weighted arm, the rod 63, connecting said arm with the arm 64, and the chain 55, connected to the brake-arm and passed under pulley 20, up over pulley 56, and down through the standard `and pump-rod, substantially as set forth.

GEORGE D. I-IAWLEY.

Witnesses:

FRANCIS C. BLACK, MYRA GAAscH.

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